Puerto Rico and U.S. Presidential Elections

Puerto Rico and U.S. Presidential Elections Voters in Puerto Rico and different U.S. domains are not allowed to cast a ballot in the presidential political race under the arrangements set out in the Electoral College. Be that as it may, they do have a state in who gets to the White House. That is on the grounds that voters in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa are allowed to take part in the presidential essential and are conceded delegates by the two significant ideological groups. At the end of the day, Puerto Rico and the different U.S. regions get the chance to help choose the presidential competitors. In any case, voters there can't really take an interest in the political race itself as a result of the Electoral College framework. Could Puerto Ricans Vote? Why cannot voters in Puerto Rico and the different U.S. domains help choose the President of the United States? Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution clarifies that no one but states can partake in the appointive procedure. Each State will choose, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may immediate, a Number of Electors, equivalent to the entire Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State might be entitled in the Congress, the U.S. Constitution peruses. The Office of the Federal Register, which regulates the Electoral College, expresses: The Electoral College framework doesn't accommodate occupants of U.S. Domains (Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands) to decide in favor of President. The main route residents of the U.S. domains can take an interest in the presidential races is on the off chance that they have official residency in the United States and vote by non-attendant polling form or travel to their state to cast a ballot. This â€Å"disenfranchisement† or disavowal of the option to cast a ballot in national decisions - including presidential races - likewise applies to U.S. residents living in Puerto Rico or any of the different U.S. unincorporated domains. Despite the fact that the boards of trustees of both the Republican party and Democratic gathering in Puerto Rico select democratic representatives to the parties’ national presidential choosing shows and state presidential primaries or councils, U.S. residents living in Puerto Rico or different domains can't cast a ballot in government decisions except if they additionally keep up a lawful democratic living arrangement in one of the 50 states or in the District of Columbia. Puerto Rico and the Primary Despite the fact that voters in Puerto Rico and different U.S. domains cannot cast a ballot in the November political race, the Democratic and Republican gatherings permit them to choose representatives to speak to them at the assigning shows. The national Democratic partys sanction, instituted in 1974, states that Puerto Rico will be treated as a state containing the proper number of Congressional Districts. The Republican party additionally permits voters in Puerto Rico and different U.S. domains to take an interest in the designation procedure. In the 2008 Democratic presidential essential, Puerto Rico had 55 agents - more than Hawaii, Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wyoming, and a few different states with populaces lesser than the U.S. territorys 4 million. Four Democratic agents went to Guam, while three went to the Virgin Islands and American Samoa each. In the Republican presidential essential of 2008, Puerto Rico had 20 agents. Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands each had six. What are the US Territories? A domain is a zone ofâ land that is directed by the United States government yet not formally asserted by any of the 50 states or some other world country. Most rely upon the United States for safeguard and financial help. Puerto Rico, for instance, is a republic - a self-administered, a unincorporated area of the United States. Its occupants are liable to U.S. laws and pay personal expenses to the U.S. government. The United States as of now has 16 regions, of which just five are forever possessed: Puerto Rico, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. Named unincorporated domains, they are sorted out, self-overseeing regions with governors and regional councils chose by the individuals. Every one of the five forever occupied domains may likewise choose a non-casting a ballot â€Å"delegate† or â€Å"resident commissioner† to the U.S. Place of Representatives. The regional inhabitant magistrates or delegates work similarly as individuals from Congress from the 50 states, with the exception of they are not permitted to decide on the last air of enactment on the House floor. In any case, they are permitted to serve on congressional boards of trustees and get a similar yearly compensation as other typical individuals from Congress. Sources As often as possible Asked Questions. U.S. Discretionary College, Office of the Federal Register, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. Area 1. Article II, Executive Branch, Constitution Center. The Democratic National Committee. The Charter the Bylaws of the Democratic Party of the United States. DNC Services Corporation, August 25, 2018.

Organisation and Management Essay

Today I will talk about the distinctive hierarchical jobs at ANZ bank. The report will cover entire the procedure which are done day by day by the association to keep up their position and to satisfy the requirements of clients. I will expand the reason for association and the jobs of the executives for e. g. instructive, decisional, and relational. There are different sorts of expert aptitudes which are utilized in every day the board. It will incorporate the procedure of assignment center and proficiency and adequacy of the association. Additionally I will show various elements of interior and outside elements which are identified with the individuals and framework We will examine today about the change the board structure that how it impacts the whole association about ANZ bank New Zealand ANZ New Zealand is New Zealand’s biggest money related administrations gathering and is an auxiliary of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited of Australia. ANZ New Zealand works until 2012 under the legitimate substance ANZ National Bank Limited which was framed as a feature of the 2003 merger of ANZ and The National Bank of New Zealand. From late October 2012, the organization was renamed ANZ Bank New Zealand as a major aspect of the merger of the ANZ and National Bank brands. ANZ New Zealand works under a wide range of brands, for example, ANZ, UDC Finance, EFTPOS New Zealand, Bonus Bonds and Direct Broking. It offers number budgetary types of assistance, including banking administrations, resource account, ventures and installment arrangements. Motivation behind Organization and Role Management The reason for ANZ bank is to giving account which is engaged with obtaining and loaning cash. Bank takes clients assets as a byproduct of a yearly enthusiasm on their installments. At that point bank use lion's share of this store to loan different clients for an assortment of credits. The contrast between both financing costs is successfully the overall revenue for bank. Bank additionally gives different offices to shoppers, for example, moment access to money counsel on monetary issues and strategies to make universal installments. Progressively banks offer electronic exchange of cash through frameworks. Bank gives Lending fluctuates from unbound individual advances to made sure about home loan loaning. Unbound loaning will in general be at a higher financing cost as a result of the hazard factor. Made sure about home loan loaning is at a lower rate. Job of instructive association in the board Information the executives is utilized in associations. However data is applied by people in those associations. The contrast between the association and their individual individuals has specific same to data the executives in light of its obligations to both the association at one level and to people at second level. This contrast implies that we have to consider both the association and its individuals in data terms as a starting level point for creating methodologies for helpful data the executives in little and medium size endeavors. The motivation behind the paper is to build up some broad view focuses for viable data the board. Specialized aptitudes of the board The ability is to apply master information or capacity. All occupations need some particular mastery, and numerous individuals develop their specialized abilities on the work. Professional and hands on educational cost projects can be utilized to amplify this sort of ability. Human aptitudes This is the ability to work with, acknowledge and move others (both autonomously and a gathering). This requires generosity towards others issues and concerns. Individuals, who are gifted in specialized aptitude, yet not with relational abilities, may confront hard to deal with their subordinates, To acquire the Human Skill, it is pertinent to recognize the emotions and slants of others, capacity to spur others even in troublesome circumstance, and impart own conclusion to others in a positive and moving technique. Theoretical aptitude This is an ability to basically examine, analyze a condition and forward a sensible arrangement. It requires innovative thought, creating alternatives and picking the best accessible decision. A characteristic of a decent pioneer is to have the option to give consistent inspiration to his group cheering them to accomplish greatness and quality in their presentation. A decent pioneer is continually searching for approaches to show signs of improvement creation and measures. Here are five administration abilities you can create as a pioneer in attempting to make a quality powerful group. 1. Perception his is a significant part that frequently gets abused due the interest on a leader’s time and plan. Perception and ordinary visits to the activity condition are a need and ought to be planned into the diagram. Watching laborers at work, the methodology, association and work course is basic to executing changes in accordance with show signs of improvement results. To have validity, a pioneer wants to be seen and be known to be fully informed regarding what is event in the work place. 2. Screen Employee Performance Employee execution should be checked in regularly acknowledged manners. Approaches and methodology should be fathomable. Conferencing ought to be on a typical base and not exactly when there is an issue. Appraisals and assessments ought not be just all solicitations or seen a required authority strategy to be done and documented. Individual and gathering firm choices, joint with the energy and adaptability to become acclimated to and adjust choices when required, make freedom in the administration conferencing ought to be attempted not exclusively to supervisor show, however with the desire for continuous specific development and backing. There ought to be ordinary help and sensible standards for in progress objectives both for the gathering and individual. . Execution of Professional Development Programs A decent manager assesses shortcomings and gives educational cost and development procedures to develop the more fragile abilities in the gathering. Exhibits Working Knowledge and Expertise Good initiative originates from a place of solid data and information on the production and procedure prompting grades. In the event that a pioneer doesn't have all the aptitude and data independently, at that point ordinary meetings with specialists worried in the divisions ought to be accepted. This is essential so as to hold an ideal and learned generally speaking picture. . Great Decision Making Good authority is ordered by the capacity to settle on unrivaled choices. A pioneer thinks about all the comparable factors before settling on a choice. Clear. The board methods of reasoning and the executives rehearses The possibility that clients won’t manage the cost of enough of the associations items except if the association attempts an enormous selling and advancement exertion. Accomplishing hierarchical objectives relies upon the requirements and needs of its engaged market and conveying the ideal fulfillment viably and productively than contenders.

A Sick Man’S Precious Life Essay Example For Students

A Sick Man’S Precious Life Essay Innovation has been a piece of everyone’s life. It very well may be found all over the place, in homes, in instruction and even in the field of medication. Innovation lead to the further advancement of recuperating and restoring. As a result of it, specialists can fix patients all the more effectively and successfully. Be that as it may, innovation isn't constantly a preferred position. It has brought a few inadmissible thoughts, one of which is the closure of an enduring patient’s life. This is all the more famously known as willful extermination. Killing, from its Greek beginning importance simple passing or biting the dust well, is an activity or exclusion which of itself or by goal caused demise all together that all enduring might be disposed of. Willful extermination is more than murdering torment, it is slaughtering an individual, a person. Willful extermination or leniency murdering ought to never be legitimized. Willful extermination abuses the heavenly, human, and clinical laws. In addition, it sabotages the estimation of life, the estimation of each one’s natural presence. Willful extermination is especially against the perfect law. Both the Christian and Islam religions censure it. Stanzas in the Bible, the heavenly book of Christians, and Quran, the sacred book of Muslims, would demonstrate how strictly unlawful killing is. Daniel 13:53 of the Bible expresses that â€Å"The blameless and the fair, thou will not kill,† while Exodus 23:7 tells that â€Å"The honest and just, you will not put to death.† While the Quran says in chap. 6 refrain 151: â€Å"Take not the existence Allah made mystery, in any case over the span of justice.† as such, we don't have a case on death, but instead death has a case on us. We are not the total experts of our life, just God is. He is the preeminent ace of life and we reserve no option to usurp His domain. As characterized, willful extermination is a way to take out anguish. It infers that all sufferings are negligible. We ought to recollect that it is through Jesus’ enduring that He triumphs. I am not saying that we should constantly invite torments. What I am attempting to communicate is that kindness murdering subverts the piece of enduring in our lives. Willful extermination denies us, especially the debilitated, a chance to develop in trust, confidence, and quality. Rather than considering enduring just hurt and distress, we should take a gander at enduring as an approach to build up our character and as a trial of mental fortitude. Nobody likes enduring, nobody is happy to endure, however enduring is inescapable, thus, we should figure out how to confront and overcome it, not by any technique for executing. Picking killing is much the same as tolerating rout against agony and languishing. Other than the celestial law, leniency slaughtering damages the International Code of Medical Ethics and the Hippocratic Oath. Both the code and the pledge direct that specialists have a commitment to save human life from its snapshot of origination. In this way, a doctor demonstrations deceptively in the event that he purposefully and intentionally empowers and individual to take his life. Authorizing and manhandling leniency executing can bring numerous far-fetched impacts as well. A case of which is the reducing of clinical investigates. The law powerfully affects the public’s still, small voice. At the point when a training turns out to be broadly utilized and acknowledged, individuals will in general help it and stop to have solid emotions about it. A model is the killing project in Nazi Germany. The still, small voice of specialists who were relegated to end lives became desensitized. Notwithstanding that, the program picked up help from the group. The perspective on society on the assurance of human life changed. In the case of slaughtering becomes permitted, at death's door patients would understand that they have become a weight to their family. They would be more compelled to pick passing. Permitting automatic willful extermination can prompt maltreatment of chances by controlling a patient’s assent. At the point when a somebody consents to end t he life of a withering awkward grown-up or a minor, the way toward consummation the patient’s life is called automatic willful extermination. For instance, an uncouth and wiped out and old rich man is experiencing extraordinary agony and he is unequipped for concluding whether to permit the specialist to perform leniency murdering or not. His child, girl, or whoever his beneficiary to his wealth is, should settle on a choice. Also, it isn't unimaginable that this beneficiary consents to willful extermination, despite the fact that the patient dissents, simply because of want for riches. .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .postImageUrl , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:hover , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:visited , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:active { border:0!important; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:active , .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:hover { haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud11b3320e531bb29cc9b315bd6a0fce8:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Antisocial Personality Disorder EssayOf all the impacts, this is the most impossible one. Murdering would be more mainstream than mindful. New systems of executing would unquestionably be increasingly well known, inquired about, and found than new procedures of mending or restoring. However, murdering ought to never be a choice to diminish of torment. Clinical inquires about should extended and information to social insurance must be included. At the point when a life is powerless, loaded with sadness and torment, that life is generally meriting careful attention. To put it plainly, murdering ought to never be con sidered as care. We care forever, we don't end it. The thing which kindness slaughtering subverts the most is the estimation of life. Willful extermination supporters announce that the life of a patient with a serious infection isn't any longer worth living. Interestingly, a real existence not worth living doesn't exist. We reserve no privilege to judge someone’s life as futile. A person is worth in excess of a whole physical universe. Human life has an interminable worth. At the point when we base the option to keep living on the personal satisfaction, there is no legitimate spot to take a stand. Logical investigation distributed in the American Journal of Psychiatry shows that just one of four in critical condition patients are eager to bite the dust. It was demonstrated that the individuals who decided to pass on have clinical diagnosable sadness. Viable helpful treatment is conceivable with these patients. Caring directing and help, which are given in hospices, just as me ntal consideration can forestall a patient to pick demise. This will urge patients to esteem more their lives. As a help, we should cultivate inspirational perspectives towards these individuals. Willful extermination ought to never be actualized. Sanctioning of it would just offer path to various clashes. It looks down on a few realities and the vast majority of all, it is against God. What killing just does is make delinquents. Individuals will damage laws and most exceedingly terrible of all murder themselves and individual people. Medication Essays

Bitcoin as a form of cryptocurrency - Free Essay Example

For most people, it is considered as digital money, wherein no middlemen, such as bank or credit company are required. The first bitcoin specification was created in 2009 under the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto. Satoshi Nakamoto left the project, but bitcoin continued to grow through the help of many interested developers. As of today, the number of businesses and individuals using bitcoin is growing. Bitcoin can be acquired as a payment of goods and services, purchasing at Bitcoin exchange, or earning through competitive mining (FAQ Bitcoin, 2018). When using bitcoin, users should become aware of a few things. First, bitcoins main purpose is the security and protection of the owners money. Second, due to its young economy, bitcoins price is volatile. It means the value of bitcoin can increase and decrease anytime and storing a big amount of money with bitcoin is not recommended. In addition, bitcoin transactions are irreversible. Once a person sent a payment, it cannot be reversed. Until now, bitcoin is still considered as an experimental currency. Users can still experience drastic changes and new developments to improve Bitcoin. Lastly, bitcoin might not be an official currency, but users still need to follow government regulations, such as paying taxes (Some things you need to know, 2018). Ever since bitcoins and other online currencies have been introduced, people started to get their hands on buying bitcoins and other online currencies because of security and privacy. However, these online currencies also gave hackers, criminals, and even terrorists a chance to use it to their advantage as a ransom. According to Usborne (2017), cybercriminals prefer to use bitcoins because it gives anonymity and using bitcoins is easy. First, anonymity because bitcoins can be used without a middleman. Criminals always tried their best to hide their identity when doing money transactions, especially when getting a ransom (Bloomberg, 2017). Second, it is easy to use. David Prince, a cybersecurity specialist, mentioned that getting a ransomware toolkit and an automated bit of software is as easy as getting an iTunes account. The ease of use of bitcoins and other cryptocurrencies makes it easier for online criminals to attack (Usborne, 2017). Law enforcement tries to keep up with solutions on how to monitor cryptocurrencies users in order to avoid crimes (Bloomberg, 2017). In fact, the bitcoin is not an exception of existing financial systems regulations (FAQ Bitcoin, 2018). Global regulators view on cryptocurrency, such as bitcoin, still depends by country. In some countries, such as Japan and Switzerland, bitcoin is considered as a legal tender. While in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, South Korea, China, Singapore, and India, cryptocurrency is not considered as a legal tender. The policy of exchanging also depends by country. For example, exchanging cryptocurrency in Japan is allowed, however, the exchange must be registered to the Japanese Financial Services Agency (Rooney, 2018).

History of Swaziland in Africa

The Common Of Computer Surveillance Essay - 1865 Words

ABSTRACT This research paper will focus on the common notions of computer surveillance in the workplace. However, the research paper will not focus primarily on the benefits of computer surveillance in the workplace nor on the negatives of computer surveillance in the workplace. It will work upon how computer surveillance in the workplace can be carried out without hampering motivation, employee loyalty and trust as well as how computer surveillance in the workplace can be improved to bring more quality, productivity, efficiency, and motivation to the workplace. Moreover. This paper will also focus on the recent studies that have been complied with to bring out better prospective on the topic in recent years. Furthermore, the objectives, methods used and the time scale needed to complete this research paper along with the research question that needs to be presented, will all be mentioned in this research paper. The research paper will also include resources that may come into use for the res earch paper to become more effective. Furthermore, a decisive conclusion will also be brought about so as to clear the motive of the research paper and the direction in which the research paper will be headed from the off start. Keywords: Computer surveillance, efficiency, productivity, motivation, workplace. BACKGROUND There have been numerous studies that have been conducted over the topic of computer surveillance in workplace. However, many of these research topics have come to aShow MoreRelatedCybercrime And The World Of Cybercrime Essay1742 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s world, people have become very used to using high technology in the 21st century such as computers, smartphones, and recently, smart watches. This technology is so common that many people rely on their devices just to perform some basic tasks for some of the most common jobs. 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Current Issues Or Challenges Faced By Resort-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Current Issues Or Challenges Faced By Resort? Answer: Introduction This study deals with analyzing the current issues or challenges faced by resort and spa industry in and across Australia (Zeng and Gerritsen 2014). In this particular assignment, proper emphasis has been given on understanding each of the issues in detail and providing proper recommendations at the same time. The current segment elucidates emerging trends or future opportunities in resort and spa industry. One of the key insights that had been noted in the study is increase growth rate in resort and spa industry. This industry faces increased competition as compared to other sectors. There are various reasons for increased competition in resort and spa industry (Vila, Darcy and Gonzlez 2015). A majority of resort and spa business attribute industry growth that links with growing foodie culture captivating Australians. Other factors that are mentioned in the study are promoting a growth in competition that is local population growth as well as higher consumer demand. The growth in re sort and spa industry and increased competition could be a contributing factor in the hospitality business that has the ability to attract as well as retaining customers. Tourism is one of the sources of income for Australia and continues to grow in terms of scale as well as scope (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). There is significant rise in resort and spa industry development over few past decades as it is one of the most social, cultural phenomenon and economic factors in Australia. Current issues or challenges that affect Resort and Spa Industry in Australia The resort and spa industry is booming but research shows that there are still lots of factors that limit the success of Australian hospitality business. Individuals such as owners, managers as well as head chefs and staff members has lot to say about their own restaurants, nightclubs and pubs. There are various issues that affect the functioning of resort and spa industry such as increased competition as well as operating costs that impact the success of resort and spa industry as a whole (Weir 2017). There are various challenges that are faced by resort and spa industry and these are mentioned below: Labor and skill shortage- One of the issues or challenge that affects the operations of resort and spa industry in Australia is shortage of labor and essential skills. It is noted that there had been an issue to attract and retain qualified workers in resort and spa industry in an isolated markets and become a global challenge (Vila, Darcy and Gonzlez 2015). Technology- The major factor that governs technological issue faced by resort and spa industry is the complexity that is present in the hotel environment. There is lack of awareness of how much efficiency can be improved by use of modern integrated systems (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). Capital availability- It is noted that capital provides asset liquidity as well as help in developing resort hotels in Australia. Increased resort and spa industry enhances the asset values as well as lowering returns. Most of the factor affects the amount, capital availability and timing at the same time (Vila, Darcy and Gonzlez 2015). Solution and recommendations for each issue identified The above issues mentioned can be reduced to some extent and elaborated as under: Resort and spa industry need to develop internal programs for creating attractive career paths so that the potential candidates can see this industry as a professional development opportunity. (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). This industry need to recruit for entry level position that is easy to recruit when the recruiter outline the career path as well as point the mangers the key responsibilities for the line position. Australia and many other nations believe in offering guest worker programs that recruit seasonal workers for a period of 10 months. Resort and spa industry is a labor intensive business as well as automation opportunities that are limited by nature. It needs to reconfigure work process and then sharing the benefits of increased productivity that can have positive results (Vila, Darcy and Gonzlez 2015). Both cross-training as well as cross-utilization are nowhere a new concept but they are good one. Here, employees are expected to master the skills for their own positions but receive pay rise when they have become certified in other jobs. The employees who are trained can fill in the place wherever needed by the industry during peak times and have their own horizons through cross departmental training. In recent business environment, operators are finding ways for competing with the workers as hard as they compete with the customers (Smith and Puczk 2014). It is important to develop a positive work environment with real opportunities for advancement as well as combined with creative strategies for recruiting and improving employee productivity that increases the essential skills where the workforce continues to shrink in the near future. With the emergence of technology, the resort and spa industry is able to grow in the present environment where people are aware of the services any resort provides. Online booking as well as mobile applications should be used by resort companies (Smith and Puczk 2014). Use of these applications will enable the guests to leave digital footprints and get accessed to data for targeted promotions as well as individualized messaging. Most of the spa industry today pride themselves on being high touch rather than high tech but they mainly engages the guests through use of social media as well as online booking capabilities that enhances relevance (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). Efficient flow of capital into the resort and spa industry will help he industry to overcome the difficulties. In addition, supply, demand as well as profitability and yields relatively and get access to positive consequences on the operating as well as asset sides of the market. Furthermore, maturation of the expansionary cycle of Resort and spa industry that result in a moderation in capital availability as well as increase in capital costs. It is important to be aware of the present trends that enable investors for planning ahead as well as taking advantage of capital market conditions (Baum 2016). Emerging trends within the Resort and Spa Industry Resort and spa industry belong to challenging economic climate where the companies aims to deliver quality customer service as well as producing a positive bottom line. Existing and future trends of Resort and spa industry in Australia are listed below with proper justification: There is significant shift on the part of consumers towards wellness as well as preventive health that is an alternative to pampering that drives according to the needs of consumers (Mok, Sparks and Kadampully 2013). This takes into account increased comfort level that follows spa procedures as well as incorporates this for preventing treatments and services. The services provided will help in driving a collaborative approach with the Resort and spa industry. Nowadays, consumers are more concerned about their health and sensitive to price as well that drive a closer collaboration between spas as well as healthcare sector. Therefore, Resort and spa industry continue to increase the role in wellness to provide spa offerings in the near future (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). Recently, consumers expect proactive approach from Resort and spa industry after addressing environmental concerns (Buhalis and Crotts 2013). The Resort and spa industry trend will not disappear anytime soon. The majority of delegates from Resort and spa industry report that environmental responsibility will have a significant influence on the future business activities. New and innovative ways are present in Resort and spa industry that is used for relaxation as well as delivering services for promoting business that are increasing at rapid pace. In addition, the use of spa credits help in increasing the bookings or building into the room rate where spa treatment is becoming more viable (Cheer and Lew 2017). Most of the consumers that go for spa treatment actually want to de-stress. Here, spa menus reflect the ongoing trend through their offerings such as Yoga, relaxation massages and meditation that is more viable and this trend will continue well in the near future (McPhail et al. 2015). Consumers will show interest in getting access to value-added deals that include discount on services. It is important for getting involved in new and innovative promotions that mainly focus on creating a full-day experience. It is important for setting menu pricing of consumer awareness as well as local competition (Chon 2013). Justification of effects of trends on the future of the resort and spa industry The future trends in resort and spa industry is greener as well as eco-lodgings. In addition, it is important to develop more resort and spa services (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). The resort and spa industry should use advanced technology by using guest virtual footprint for performing all the operations in the most appropriate way. This sector has the opportunity for employment and should increase the salaries for retention of existing staff members. It is important to put more emphasis on internet as well as technology (Leung et al. 2013). Furthermore, virtual as well as physical social network of guests will be the best distribution channels. There is a global increase in resort and spa industry in term of tourist arrivals as well as tourism expenditure. In addition, the future trends will affect resort and spa industry in various ways such as increased concern with guests safety and security, diversity in the workforce composition as well as significance of outstanding services that leads to additional opportunities for increase revenue (Cocolas, Walters and Ruhanen 2016). Resort and spa industry have evolved into sophisticated as well as disciplined tools that is capable of helping guests and generate revenues as well as reaching much improved level of efficiency (Frost, Laing and Beeton 2014). The impact of changing demographics on resort and spa industry on travel trends in the sector that remains unaffected. There are recent changes in the demographic environment that holds for main implications for resort and spa industry. There are various factors identified that affect the profitability of resort and spa industry that is in control of individuals such as hotel owners and operators for mitigating the impact. The greatest challenge will be to move from consciousness based on fear as well as separation based on love and connection (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). Australian need to work hard for improving its tourism infrastructure as well as revamping in hotels and boosting service standards so that resort and spa industry cope with the i nflux of tourists over years. Fast changing consumer habits as well as attitude had kept resort and spa industry for bringing changes for attainment of future goals and objectives. Resort and spa industry grew out of the desire that attracts both consumers as a genuine career opportunity. It is important to highlight wide variety of entry paths to resort and spa industry as well as enables potential recruits for hearing from leaders in the industry for deciding over the career paths (Fletcher, Pforr and Brueckner 2016). Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that resort and spa industry face strong competition from other forms of accommodation. In addition, increased inbound tourism actually benefits the industry players over the past 5 years. On analysis, it is noted that China has become Australias most valuable inbound market as far as expenditure is concerned. Resort and spa industry has rebounded over past 5 years that recovers from a period of sluggish growth during previous years. In addition, the depreciation in Australian dollar as well as rising discretionary incomes have encouraged a greater number of Australian residents for travelling domestically over the period of 5 years that had boosted demand from domestic leisure tourists. Furthermore, business tourist nights increase as it is increased and rising due to optimism during financial conditions that reflects in a large positive business confidence index for past 5 years. The most important for resort and spa industry are having loya l customer base, proximity to key markets as well as access to multi-skilled and flexible workforce. Reference List Baum, T. ., 2016.Human resource issues in international tourism. Elsevier. Buhalis, D. and Crotts, J., 2013.Global alliances in tourism and hospitality management. Routledge. Cheer, J.M. and Lew, A.A.., 2017.Tourism, Resilience and Sustainability: Adapting to Social, Political and Economic Change. Routledge. Chon, K.S., 2013.Tourism in Southeast Asia: A new direction. Routledge. Cocolas, N., Walters, G. and Ruhanen, L., 2016. Behavioural adaptation to climate change among winter alpine tourists: an analysis of tourist motivations and leisure substitutability.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,24(6), pp.846-865. Fletcher, C., Pforr, C. and Brueckner, M., 2016. Factors influencing Indigenous engagement in tourism development: an international perspective.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,24(8-9), pp.1100-1120. Frost, W., Laing, J. and Beeton, S., 2014. The future of nature-based tourism in the Asia-Pacific region.Journal of Travel Research,53(6), pp.721-732. Leung, D., Law, R., Van Hoof, H. and Buhalis, D., 2013. Social media in tourism and hospitality: A literature review.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), pp.3-22. McPhail, R., Patiar, A., Herington, C., Creed, P. and Davidson, M., 2015. Development and initial validation of a hospitality employees job satisfaction index: Evidence from Australia.I Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013.Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Smith, M. and Puczk, L., 2014.Health, tourism and hospitality: Spas, wellness and medical travel. Routledge. Smith, M. and Puczk, L., 2014.Health, tourism and hospitality: Spas, wellness and medical travel. Routledge.nternational Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(8), pp.1814-1838. Vila, T.D., Darcy, S. and Gonzlez, E.A., 2015. Competing for the disability tourism marketa comparative exploration of the factors of accessible tourism competitiveness in Spain and Australia.Tourism Management,47, pp.261-272.d Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations, p.632. Weir, B., 2017. Climate change and tourismAre we forgetting lessons from the past?.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,32, pp.108-114. Wirahardja, F., Turner, G. and Richardson, S., 2016. Who will stay in the hospitality industry?: A blue mountains international hotel management school case study.CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism an Zeng, B. and Gerritsen, R., 2014. What do we know about social media in tourism? A review.Tourism Management Perspectives,10, pp.27-36.

Social Constructivism an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Social Constructivism BACKCROUND Need essay sample on "Social Constructivism" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Social constructivism can be regarded as both a sociological and at the same time, a psychological theory. It is one of the theories of knowledge. It attempts to describe how social phenomena develop in certain social contexts. In order to further elucidate this, it is pertinent to define what a social construct is. A social construct is a concept that seems to be natural and vivid to those who chose to accept it. However, in the real sense of it, it is an invention of a particular culture or society. Social constructivism emphasizes the ways by which meanings and understandings grow out of social interactions. Social constructivism is based on assumptions about REALITY: that it is constructed through human activity and that it is non-existent prior to social invention. KNOWLEGE: that it is a human product, socially constructed and that inpiduals create meanings through interactions with others and the environment. LEARNING: That it is a social process, and that meaningful learning takes place when inpiduals are engaged in social activities. with these assumptions, it was believed that young children developed their thinking abilities by interacting with adults. Children Social constructs are generally accepted to be by-products of numerous human choices as opposed to the laws resulting from pine will (0r nature). Students Frequently Tell EssayLab professionals:I'm don't want to write my paper online. I don't have the timeSpecialists advise:Help With Essay WritingCustom Essay Company Cheap Essays Online Pay To Write Essay Cheapest Essay Writing Service In general, social constructionism is at odds with essentialism. Essentialism identifies specific phenomena in terms of transhistorical essences that are independent of the conscious beings which specify the categorical structure of reality. Social constructionism basically focuses on the uncovering of the ways by which inpiduals and groups take part in creating assumed social reality. Social constructivism entails examining the ways by which social phenomena are brought forth, institutionalised and finally made to tradition by people. This is seen as s process in flux, changing from time to time. Reality, in this sense, is produced by people when they act on their interpretations of it. Constructionism was made prominent in the United States by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann's 1966 in the book: The Social Construction of Reality. Berger and Luckmann (1966) argued that all knowledge, including the most basic, taken-for-granted common sense knowledge of everyday reality, is derived from and ultimately maintained by social interactions. As people interact with one another, they do so with the understanding that their respective perceptions of reality are similar. They act upon this understanding and therefore their common knowledge of reality becomes reinforced. Since this common sense knowledge depends on people, human typifications, significations. Institutions come to be presented as part of an objective reality.It is in this sense that it can be said that reality is socially constructed. Marvin Carlson is one of the few researchers to work on the theory initially. He believed that peoples lives are structured according to repeated socially sanctioned modes of behaviour and this raises the possibility that all human activity could potentially be considered as performance. This is the deviant way in which people act in public society to conform. In sociology of knowledge, what seems real to members of a social class arises from the position of the class, such as the capitalist or working classes, especially with respect to the economic fundamentals which affect the particular social class. According to the theories advanced by Karl Mannheim, who formulated the classic theories of sociology of knowledge, intellectuals occupy a special position which is to some extent free of the intellectual blinders imposed by the social position of other classes. HISTORY. The history of social constructivism dates back to the 16tn century when Giambattista Vico published a treatise on the construction of knowledge in the year 1710. This treatise brought to limelight (rather than invented) the idea that knowledge can be constructed by the knower. Vico's concepts death mostly with the relationship between truth, knowledge and the origins of language. It also touched on the desire of the human mind to create knowledge (Lo 1996). It is through his work that we take the term 'constructivist'. His slogan, according to von Glasersfeld, was, "The human mind can only know what the human mind has made. Vico is credited with coining the term 'constructivist,' Piaget is seen as the original constructivist. His theory of knowledge, published in 1954, portrayed the child as a 'lone scientist' creating his or her own sense of the world. Piaget felt that biological development is a process that goes through organization and adaptation to the environment. This same thing happens in the case of cognitive development. Piaget visualised that this occurred in a social context. He maintained his focus on the inpidual learner. Vico and Piaget, in their time were not known as constructivists. They however, through their extensive work, initiated study into the theories of knowing and creating realities. The study of their work gave rise to different theories of constructivism. Constructivism can be pided and sub-pided into a number of related categories of the main principles. Radical constructivism, whole theme constructivism, social-cognitive constructivism, idea-based social constructivism - all arise from the original concepts of constructivist theories which they propounded, yet varied in the approach to defining how the knower constructs his or her knowledge. A primary pision of the constructivist theory comes between the view of the knower as an inpidual - interacting within social structures, but creating his or her own view of reality independent of others, and the knower gaining his or her view of reality through a socially-mediated process. Where the earliest proponents of constructivism concerned themselves with the inpidual, later philosophers saw knowledge construction as part of, and arising from, social interactions. Dewey and, later, Vygotsky, recognized that the construction of knowledge was rooted in a group context (Oxford 1997). American philosopher and educator, John Dewey is often classified as constructivist. His beliefs about education and ways of knowing included the premise that knowing is not done by an outside spectator but is instead constructed by a participant, with society providing a reference point or theory for making sense of the experience. Dewey exposited on the notion that all knowledge is constructed by the knower, by including the idea that there is a relationship between the inpidual, the community, and the world mediated by socially constructed ideas. This brand of constructivism is sometimes referred to as social constructivism. Unlike those philosophers before them, social constructivists believe that knowledge construction takes place, and is enhanced, by social interaction. Another proponent of the Social Constructivist ideology was Jean Piaget. Piaget was the pioneer of the constructivist approach to cognition in the 20th century. Piaget created a theory of cognition and developed an approach to epistemology. Because of his work with children, in studying the development of their knowledge, much of Piaget's work has been categorized, mistakenly, according to von Glasersfeld, as child psychology rather than philosophy. Another scholar that contributed to the field of constructivism is Lev Vygotsky. He was prolific writer in Russia. His works were suppressed and are only recently became available for translation and distribution. Von Glasersfeld calls Vygotsky the "founding father of Social Constructivism". Vygotsky perceived that thought evolved from both the experiences and maturation process of an inpidual. Significantly, he also believed that constructs have social origins and that they are learned through interaction with others. Vygotsky's views perge from Piaget's in this respect. While both of them would agree that learning occurs in the activities and experiences of the learner, Vygotsky emphasises on the interaction within social groups. He put much of his efforts into studying the relationship of speech and communication with learning in a social context. In Mind and Society, he writes, "children solve practical tasks with the help of their speech, as well as their eyes and hands" Social Constructivism today is often mistaken by educators as an approach to teaching and learning, rather than a philosophy on how knowledge is created or obtained. Obviously, this has a great impact on the teaching and learning process. Constructivism has been adopted as a learning and teaching philosophy insofar as its central themes deal with the concept of how students know and learn. There is still a lot of ongoing research on Social constructivism. The concept will continue to take shape as more and more researchers delve into the subject in a view to creating a generally acceptable concept. Also, it will continue to receive attention as people find more practical uses for the concept. References. Troelstra A.S. History of constructivism in the 20th century. Bella J. T (2008). Social Constructivism: A History. Microsoft Encarta. Microsoft Corporation. Podosky I. T (1968). Essays on Constructivism. PowerHouse Publishing Co. Ltd pp 68 72.

Free Essays on Dolls House

Nora Helmer in A Doll’s House is a woman ahead of her time. In order to protect her children from a false life, she inflicts tragedy upon herself by leaving every thing she has by walking away. She puts herself in this tragic situation by not being honest. Nora lies to herself and the ones she cares about. Before she leaves her life is not her own person she is carrying on life as a role. Making others happy, instead of herself. A Doll’s House by Henrik Isben is about a young woman and her life. The main characters name is Nora Helmer. She is married to a bank manager named Trovald. In the early years of their marriage just after their first child, Trovald becomes ill. Doctors say that he will not live unless he goes abroad immediately. Nora takes it upon herself and borrows money from Krogstad. She was dishonest with Trovald and said her father gave it to her. She has dishonored Torvald by lying to him, and has put him in a situation in the future, which he would not like to be in. Nora Helmer begins the play by having this almost child-like attitude of herself. She can not do anything on her own, and is constantly relying on others to help her with her daily activities. Nora does not care for her own children, and she doesn’t even cook. She has a maid which has left her own children because she was unwed. It is ironic that this women has to care for someone else’s children, when she is not allowed by society to care for hers. In one part of the play Nora is caught eating macaroons. She is scolded by Torvald as if she was a child being told what to do. She simply has to hide her affection for macaroons, because Torvald disagrees with sweets in the house. Torvald is more like a father figure to Nora then a husband. Nora’s father ends up dying because of his illness. He had done everything for Nora, made all her decisions. So when Nora enters this household with Torvald, it only becomes natural for her to be taken care of. ... Free Essays on Dolls House Free Essays on Dolls House Nora Helmer in A Doll’s House is a woman ahead of her time. In order to protect her children from a false life, she inflicts tragedy upon herself by leaving every thing she has by walking away. She puts herself in this tragic situation by not being honest. Nora lies to herself and the ones she cares about. Before she leaves her life is not her own person she is carrying on life as a role. Making others happy, instead of herself. A Doll’s House by Henrik Isben is about a young woman and her life. The main characters name is Nora Helmer. She is married to a bank manager named Trovald. In the early years of their marriage just after their first child, Trovald becomes ill. Doctors say that he will not live unless he goes abroad immediately. Nora takes it upon herself and borrows money from Krogstad. She was dishonest with Trovald and said her father gave it to her. She has dishonored Torvald by lying to him, and has put him in a situation in the future, which he would not like to be in. Nora Helmer begins the play by having this almost child-like attitude of herself. She can not do anything on her own, and is constantly relying on others to help her with her daily activities. Nora does not care for her own children, and she doesn’t even cook. She has a maid which has left her own children because she was unwed. It is ironic that this women has to care for someone else’s children, when she is not allowed by society to care for hers. In one part of the play Nora is caught eating macaroons. She is scolded by Torvald as if she was a child being told what to do. She simply has to hide her affection for macaroons, because Torvald disagrees with sweets in the house. Torvald is more like a father figure to Nora then a husband. Nora’s father ends up dying because of his illness. He had done everything for Nora, made all her decisions. So when Nora enters this household with Torvald, it only becomes natural for her to be taken care of. ...

Marsden Threatened Rob Jr. with Being Thrown to Hell Research Paper

Marsden Threatened Rob Jr. with Being Thrown to Hell - Research Paper Example The tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress has three elements: outrageous conduct by the tortfeasor; conduct that causes severe mental anguish in the victim and; the mental anguish suffered by the victim because of such behavior. On the other hand, reckless infliction of emotional distress shares all the other elements as the intentional type except that there was no intent to cause the distress (Buckley 130). The element of â€Å"outrageous conduct† refers to behavior that is so outlandish or highly offensive as to result in the emotional distress of the victim. An example would be the case of Clifford v Hollander 6 Media L. Rep. (BNA) 2201 (NY Civ CT 1980) where the defendant published a picture in a pornographic magazine and deliberately incorrectly identified it as the plaintiff, who was a freelance journalist. As a result, the plaintiff received obscene telephone calls from obviously disturbed individuals. In another case, Martin v Municipal Publications, 510 F. Supp. 255, 259 (ED Pa 1981), the defendant published a picture which he labeled as â€Å"closet transvestites who got stinking drunk.† In both cases, the court ruled that the actions of the defendants can be classified as â€Å"outrageous.† It is also important that in intentional infliction of emotional distress, the plaintiff should be able to prove that the conduct of the defendant was intentional and that he so behaved deliberately so as to cause mental anguish on the victim. In some cases, this element came into conflict with the First Amendment â€Å"freedom of speech† as what happened in the celebrated case of Hustler Magazine v Falwell 485 US 46 (1988), where a Protestant Minister brought an action against Hustler Magazine, which, as a parody, featured him as having an incestuous rendezvous with his mother in an outhouse. The Court turned down the plaintiff’s  argument on the ground that he was a public figure and therefore as such may not sue for intentional infliction of emotional distress unless he can prove its falsity or that it was done in reckless disregard for the truth.

Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Death penalty - Essay Example Even though I was too young to understand the meaning completely, the issue had a great impact on me. . After long term consideration I believe that the death penalty should be legal because it helps prevent violent crime and saves lives of innocent people. Different countries view the death penalty differently. Here what I would like to talk about is the death penalty in China, Japan and the U.S. These countries are the three largest economies in the world, and they are where I have grown up and live. . Japan and China are based on Eastern culture, and the U.S is based on Western Culture. They have similarities and differences; however, they all have the death penalty. In the U.S. there are two reasons why people support death penalty, and they are retribution and deterrence. The idea of retribution is that a murderer must sacrifice his life because he took someone’s life, and the basic idea is â€Å"an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.† The idea of deterrence i s that death penalty can prevent people from committing murder. Both Japan and China subscribe to these two reasons for the death penalty, but seem to be more supportive of the death penalty than people in the U.S. ... students were the lowest and Japanese students were in the middle (Shanhe et al.). I grew up in Japan and China, and this might contribute to the reason why I strongly agree with death penalty. The death penalty may be a factor in saving lives. People make their decisions based on their costs or benefits; therefore, a person may stop himself from killing someone if he knows he may be executed as a result (Muhlhausen). It is similar to not stealing because there will be a punishment. If the punishment is execution there will be less likelihood of stealing. The stricter the law, the less and less people commit a crime because everybody fears death, even animals. Most criminals would think twice if they knew their own lives were at stake. Second, many studies have shown that executions can lead to a decrease in murder rates; and on the other hand that abolishing the death penalty increases the incidence of murder. Professor Shepherd analyzed data from 1977 to 1999 and found that the com bination of death row sentences and executions deterred many types of murders. She estimated that each death row sentence deters approximately 4.5 murders, and each execution approximately 3 murders. A second issue Shepherd examined was the impact of delaying the execution on deterrence. The numerous appeals and stays of execution that criminals request imply that they prefer lengthy death row waits. Shepherd therefore theorized that shortening the death row wait may increase the deterrence, and estimates that for every 2.75 year reduction in the death row wait for execution one extra murder could be deterred. It means that shorter term of waiting execution can save human’s life (Muhlhausen). According to the U.S. Murder Rate and Executions, the murder rate decreases when the

Ri Paper For Internal Circulation Only Raffles Institution 2012 Essay Example for Free

Ri Paper For Internal Circulation Only Raffles Institution 2012 Essay Passage 1 1. What is the writer hoping to emphasise by italicising ‘does not’ and ‘cannot’ in line 6? [1] Lifted â€Å"Just because money does not buy happiness does not mean money cannot buy happiness,† says Elizabeth Dunn, a social psychologist and assistant professor at the University of British Columbia. Paraphrased The author hopes to emphasise †¦ (the contrast / difference between) what money often fails to do but actually has the potential to achieve. {MUST attempt to explain ‘does not’ and ‘cannot’. Merely saying that there is a difference/contrast is stating the obvious. E.g. ‘Does not’ is different from ‘cannot’. = 0m.} 1 2. Using your own words as far as possible, explain how we use money wrongly (line 8). [2] Lifted a. we tend to value GOODS over experiences, b. OURSELVES over others, Paraphrased a. People tend to think that commodities/things {must be tangible} are more important than experiences, b. People value themselves over others/self-centred†¦ OR spend on themselves rather than others, c. THINGS over people. c. People prefer spending on objects rather than people. d. [Inferred] We are spending on temporary pursuits and cravings that tend to disappear over time. {MUST capture the comparison (the reason it is wrong is because the preference is wrong). Need not follow the sequence in the answer scheme.} 3-4 points – 2 marks 1-2 points – 1 mark d. †¦ the spending that makes us happy, it turns out, is often spending where the money vanishes and leaves something INEFFABLE in its place. 1 For Internal Circulation Only 3. Using your own words as far as possible, explain three reasons why experiences are ‘inherently more social’ (line 28) [3] Lifted As experiences are inherently more social – when we vacation or eat out or go to the movies it is usually with other people, †¦we are liable also to RELIVE the experience when we see those people again. And past experiences can work as a sort of social adhesive even with people who did not PARTICIPATE with us, providing stories and conversational fodder in a way that a new watch or speedboat rarely can. In addition, †¦experiences do not usually trigger the same sort of PERNICIOUS comparisons that material possessions do†¦ (lines 2835) Paraphrased a. [Inferred] Experiences naturally involve interaction with people and 1 b. We are likely to recall / revisit / reminisce / recollect the experience when we meet those people again. c. People can also bond with people who were not present / strangers / others (through the sharing of anecdotes/conversational material). 1 1 d. Experiences do not cause hurtful comparisons†¦ OR experiences do not make people envious/jealous/ [inferred] insecure. 1 {MUST capture negative connotation.} 1m per point for any 3 of the above points. Maximum 3m. 4. Why does the writer use ‘seeming’ in the phrase ‘even for seeming essentials like cars, houses and, clothes’ (line 41)? Use your own words as far as possible. [1] Lifted Paraphrased Much of the impetus for a. Such needs are (could be) perceived to be crucial for discretionary spending everyday life even though they are not. OR†¦ even for seeming essentials like cars, b. Suggests that the author has doubts about whether houses, and clothes†¦ these objects are crucial. OR†¦ OR We might MISTAKE that c. The  writer feels that it is wrong to associate happiness with material/luxury goods. motivation for happiness, or for having a better life, but it is driven by something else, a human {Answer MUST include the idea of doubt and the need to compete or to fit explanation. in. Denied: sarcasm, cynicism, mockery Accepted: sceptical/scepticism (on its own), sceptical about this.} 1 2 For Internal Circulation Only 5. Explain what the writer means by ‘Talking about money and happiness in the same breath, it turns out, is not necessarily a surrender to crass materialism.’ (lines 47-48) [2] Lifted Talking about money and happiness in the SAME BREATH, it turns out, is not necessarily a SURRENDER to CRASS materialism†¦ Paraphrased a. Connecting / Linking money and happiness†¦ OR Talking about / discussing money and happiness together†¦ b. is in reality not always giving in to†¦ OR a submission to†¦ OR being a victim of†¦ c. a vulgar desire for material goods. OR excessive/shallow desire for luxury goods. 3 points – 2 marks 1-2 points – 1 mark. Passage 2 6. If you are a single male driving around in the Ferrari with nobody next to you, it is a glaring omission. (lines 14-15) a) Why does the writer refer to the Ferrari in line 15? [1] Pt Lift (not possible) Other trophies simply do not bring the payoff one expects. Says Loewenstein, If you are a single male driving around in the Ferrari with nobody next to you, it is a glaring omission. Inference a. A Ferrari is an example of a ‘trophy’. b. A Ferrari is a well-known example of a highly desired product. c. A Ferrari signifies high status / wealth in society. {Any of the above will be accepted.} 1 3 For Internal Circulation Only b) What does ‘glaring omission’ (line 15) imply here? Pt Lift (not possible) Other trophies simply do not bring the payoff one expects. Says Loewenstein, If you are a single male driving around in the Ferrari with nobody next to you, it is a glaring omission. [2] Inference [Inferred from ‘glaring’] a. It is strongly believed/popularly accepted that/very obvious {‘Emphasise’ and ‘highlight’ are not accepted because the question is not asking for the writer’s intention.} [Inferred from ‘omission’, reinforcing stereotypes.] b. that driving a Ferrari/luxury sports car will attract women / ladies / females / companions / partners. {Direct paraphrase of the quote is not acceptable.} 1 1 7. ‘A life that was constantly happy was not a good life’ (lines 30-31). Explain why this is a paradox. [2] Pt Lift Part of the meaning of life is to have highs and lows. A life that was constantly happy was not a good life. Inference [Must capture the clash.] a. We aim/wish/expect for maximum/optimum happiness in our lives all the time AND any of the following [Must capture what ‘good life’ entails.] b. Yet, a good life is one that has ups and downs, not just ups OR c. Yet, a good life is one with adequate/comparable negative experiences, not just positive experiences OR d. Yet, it is not just happiness that is ‘good’ but the ‘bad’ (of lows) is also seen to be ‘good’ {The key idea here is to question the value of ‘constant’ as a ‘good’ thing.} Answers will get either 2 marks or 0 mark. 1 1 4 For Internal Circulation Only 8. Summary Using material from paragraphs 2 to 5, summarise what Matthew Herper has to say about why wealth does not bring a constant sense of joy, why happiness is overrated, and the relationship between money and happiness. Wealth does not bring a constant sense of joy as Pt a. Lift Re-phrase Part of the reason is that people are not people do not know how to use their money very good at FIGURING out what to do to get happiness with the money, (lines 6-7) OR {Main idea of a lack of knowledge people are incompetent when it comes to understanding how to use money about how to manage money.} People generally OVERESTIMATE (line they have unrealistic expectations of the 8) {Students must capture the idea that it is off the mark.} the amount of long-term PLEASURE they will get from a given object. (lines 89) The way people spend money can make them less happy. (lines 9-10) Other trophies simply do not bring the (line 14) b. c. d. e. (Enduring) joy / happiness / positive outcomes that they can derive from something/object. The way people spend money can make them less happy. Other possessions also may not deliver f. g. {Do not accept ‘prizes’ / ’plaques’ / ’rewards’} PAYOFF one expects. (line 14) the rewards / utility / happiness we hope / wish to have. The central problem is that the human Next, our brain is accustomed to brain becomes CONDITIONED to pleasant/happy/joyful experiences as positive experiences. (lines 15-16) OR You can get used to anything, be it hanging by your toenails or making millions of dollars a day. (lines 19-20) Getting a chunk of unexpected money registers as a good thing, but as time passes, the response WEARS off. (lines 16-18) Mood may be set more by heredity†¦ (line 20) h. with time, their effect on us weakens/dies off/subsides. i. Lastly, our happiness level may depend on our genes 5 For Internal Circulation Only j. k. than by anything else (line 20) But this raises another question. How IMPORTANT is happiness anyway? (line 23) People with chronic illnesses describe themselves as happy, but they would still pay large sums for better health. And although healthy individuals are not much happier than quadriplegics, they would pay large sums of money to keep the use of their limbs. (lines 23-26) Some of lifes most SATISFYING experiences (line 26) do not bring happiness. (line 27) Part of the meaning of life is to have highs (line 30) and lows†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (line 30) A life that was CONSTANTLY happy (line 30) was not a GOOD life. (lines 30-31) more than other factors. OR predominantly / mostly [Inferred] However, the significance / necessity / crucial nature of happiness is still in doubt. [Inferred] Even supposedly happy people find happiness insufficient [Inferred] as they are willing to pay to ensure certain privileges†¦ OR health. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. Besides, some of the most gratifying/rewarding experiences do not make us happy. A meaningful life should also have its joyous and sad moments. A life that is always / perpetually happy is not fulfilling. t. u. {Do not award for point s in the absence of point r.} However, there may be at least one Yet, there remains a significant link IMPORTANT relationship between between money and happiness in that money and happiness (lines 31-32) †¦ happy people tend to have higher happy people earn more. incomes later on in their lives. (lines 3334) OR So, while money may not help make people happy, being happy may help them make money. (lines 34-35) Total: 21 points, 11 words that cannot be lifted Points ≠¥ 14 12 – 13 10 – 11 8–9 7 5–6 3–4 1–2 Marks 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 6 For Internal Circulation Only Wealth does not bring a constant sense of joy as†¦ people do not know how to use their money {a} and have unrealistic expectations {b} of the enduring joy that they can derive from something {c}. Other prized possessions {e} also may not deliver the rewards we wish to have {f}. Next, our brain is trained to be accustomed to pleasant experiences {g} as with time, their effect on us subsides {h}. However, the significance of happiness is still in doubt {k}. Even supposedly happy people find happiness insufficient {l} and are willing to pay to ensure their health {m}. Besides, some of the most gratifying experiences {n} do not make us happy {o}. A life that is always happy {r} is also not fulfilling {s}. Yet, there remains a significant link {t} between money and happiness – happy people earn more {u}. (16 points, 116 words) Vocabulary: 9. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the passage. You may write your answer in one word or a short phrase. Passage 1 Futility (line 3) noun Philosophers and gurus, holy books and self-help manuals have all warned of the futility of equating material gain with true well-being Answer should capture: ï‚ · Does not achieve purpose  OR lacks meaning ï‚ · Negative connotation Intriguing (line 8) adj The intriguing explanation for the poor wealth-to-happiness exchange rate is that the problem is not money, it is us. Answer should capture: ï‚ · Arousing intense curiosity OR very interesting ï‚ · Intensity 1 mark ï‚ · Hopelessness ï‚ · Uselessness ï‚ · Lack of purpose or meaning ï‚ · Efforts are in vain Accepted ï‚ · Ineffectiveness ï‚ · Meaningless ï‚ · Pointlessness 0 marks ï‚ · Wastage ï‚ · Worthless venture ï‚ · Failure ï‚ · Improbable ï‚ · Inability ï‚ · Foolishness ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Ability to arouse intense curiosity Fascinating Deeply/very interesting Appeal strongly To captivate Very interesting and unexpected Very interesting and surprising ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Capture interest Arouse curiosity Extremely interesting Thoughtprovoking ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Interesting {indication of intensity is not very apparent} Exciting Puzzling Ignorance Surprising Curious Intellectually stimulating 7 For Internal Circulation Only impetus (line 40) noun Much of the impetus for discretionary spending – even for seeming essentials like cars, houses, and clothes – comes from a desire to send certain signals about our buying power and our tastes. Answer should capture: ï‚ · The idea of a push or drive. Quell (line 45) verb And $5,000 worth of new stuff, or even $500,000 worth, is unlikely to permanently quell that need. Answer should capture: ï‚ · Suppressing. 1 mark ï‚ · (Sustained) drive ï‚ · Push ï‚ · Motivation ï‚ · A moving force ï‚ · Impulse ï‚ · Stimulus ï‚ · Boost Accepted ï‚ · Catalyst ï‚ · Thrust ï‚ · Spur ï‚ · Spark ï‚ · Trigger ï‚ · Incentive 0 marks ï‚ · Impulsive ï‚ · Penchant ï‚ · Impetuous ï‚ · Attack ï‚ · Assail ï‚ · Reason ï‚ · ï‚ · Subdue Suppress ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Quiet Satiate / Quench Satisfy Appease Fulfil (incidental / part / whole) Allay Pacify Assuage ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Vanquish / Defeat {wrong context} Stop / Halt / Cease Remove Overthrow / Overcome Repress Oppress Extinguish Destroy / Annihilate Kill Dispel Diminish Literally Figuratively Approximately {the idea of estimation, not accepted} Ostensibly Actually Effectually Basically Passage 2 Virtually (line 1) adverb Surveys have found virtually the same level of happiness between the very rich individuals on the Forbes 400 and the Maasai herdsmen of East Africa. Answer should capture: ï‚ · For the most part. ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Nearly; Practically; Almost completely Almost wholly Almost entirely For the most part Just about ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Almost Effectively Essentially ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · 8 For Internal Circulation Only 10. Application Question: Drake Bennett talks about how pro-social spending can lead to happiness while Matthew Herper argues that money does not lead to happiness. Which writer’s views do you find more persuasive? Discuss the relevance of the arguments presented in both passages to you and your own society. [8] ï‚ · ï‚ · Answers that refer to only material from one passage would not be awarded more than 3 marks Explanation/evaluation should not just be a paraphrase of authors’ opinions Possible points From Passage 1 Bennett 1 Extract For deep-seated psychological reasons, when it comes to spending money, we tend to value goods over experiences, ourselves over others, things over people. (lines 9-11) Possible explanations S’pore context Relevant : In a society that is economically driven more than anything else, this is not a surprise. This drive, whether marked by early economic migration, post-war rebuilding, separation from Malaysia or simply Government push, remains sustained, if not stronger. Material success is celebrated and sheer narcissistic consumption is validated by commercial as well as social media. Examples : 2011 SMU study – S’porean women are significantly more materialistic than their American counterparts. Relevance of 5 ‘C’ [cash, credit card, car, condo, country club] notations despite more than a decade of use Not so relevant: There is a rising trend of S’poreans spending on people rather than objects; in 2007, Finance Minister Tharman had indicated clear tax concessions for charity spending and to focus Singapore as a ‘philanthropy hub’. More people, not just the rich, are donating generous sums to their alumni schools, religious charities and other organizations catering to  specific demographics such as the elderly, physically disabled, terminally ill etc. There is also increase in charity through CSR, whether by global MNCs or S’pore GLCs. Of course, the real intention behind the generosity is debatable but as corporations form a substantial percentage in a small workforce, the evidence is mathematically there that ‘we, the management/employees of company X, Y, Z†¦ are altruistic and caring’. There is a rising trend of social entrepreneurs opening restaurants to help the less fortunate and former prisoners. 9 For Internal Circulation Only 2 †¦ higher â€Å"prosocial spending† – gifts for others and donations to charity – was indeed correlated with higher selfreported happiness. (lines 18-20) Relevant : well-known philanthropists such as popiah king Sam Goi, Elim Chew of 77th Street, remisier Peter Lim, Chinese Chamber of Commerce ex-president Chua Thian Poh, Mustaq Ahmad of Mustafa Centre etc have gone on record to say so on newspaper interviews. Hong Kong billionaire loves to donate to Singapore, especially for education charity, for the same purported reason. The education system also introduces students to prosocial spending. The persistence of students in doing charitable acts also suggests happiness and satisfaction obtained. Not so relevant: This is not a technical disagreement. While the actual amount on ‘pro-social spending’ could be higher, it is usually by a small group of uber-rich AND older persons. The majority of Singaporeans, especially youth, have gone on record in many academic surveys that high levels of nuanced selfish material consumption is more rewarding than engaging in others’ welfare. The intense hours and anxiety spent on studying/work necessarily need to see material purchases as a direct reward. Perhaps this material reward can THEN lead to social happiness by the envy/admiration they evoke – e.g. for a Prada handbag, for the possession of a prized virtual weapon for a Diablo 3 PC online game character. This could be an unintended consequence of a meritocratic society. Most parents would also largely spend on their children and obtain great satisfaction. 3 money spent on experiences – vacations or theatre tickets or meals out – makes you happier than money spent on material goods. (lines 21-23) Relevant: Points to support this will  be relatively difficult based on available Singapore studies. Typically, Singaporeans vacationing will covet purchases from overseas; theatre ticket purchases locally may indicate a need to belong to a certain materially privileged crowd rather than the sheer love of the arts. Nevertheless, any qualified evidence is welcome to support agreement however the difficulty is in establishing the level of happiness obtained. Not so relevant: Typical youth population notes that playing World Of Warcraft or getting a new iPhone 4S is far more meaningful; middle-aged men and their toy figure collections; ladies of all ages on record saying that splurging on themselves, expensive cosmetic treatment more rewarding than anything else – refer to any Friday URBAN section of The Straits Times. As mentioned in earlier point, first the money has to be spent on material goods and THEN the experience related or shared can increase your happiness as a corollary. 4 As experiences are inherently more social †¦ we are liable also to relive the experience Relevant : the rise of alumni associations locally, aided by social media, have greatly increased networking; heritage and memorabilia gatherings are on the rise with 10 For Internal Circulation Only when we see those people again. And past experiences can work as a sort of social adhesive even with people who did not participate with us, providing stories and conversational fodder in a way that a new watch or speedboat rarely can 5 (lines 28-32) Talking about money and happiness in the same breath, it turns out, is not necessarily a surrender to crass materialism – it can also be a route to a new and more humane way to think about vitally important things like consumption, satisfaction, investment, and value. (lines 47-50) rich persons being key drivers behind these projects. Various hobby groups would also be relevant such as cycling clubs, dragon boating groups or cosplay groups. Not so relevant: There are hobby groups based on material goods such as car clubs or clubs for owners of toys. Material goods can also generate a sense of nostalgia. Relevant: SMU Board chairman Ho Kwon Ping and wife Claire Chiang regularly  promote pro-social spending and business; they are seen as new-age positive materialists and intellectuals. Christina Ong, boss of homegrown Club 21, is known for widespread charity outreach and growing her business, with equal pleasure. Not so relevant: For the majority of Singaporeans who lack such education or reflective practices, blatant monetary and property acquisition is the norm and only leads to a vicious cycle of debt, miscalculated risk-taking in investment etc From Passage 2 1 Extract People generally overestimate the amount of long-term pleasure they will get from a given object. Sometimes, Loewenstein notes, the way people spend their money can actually make them less happy. (lines 8-10) Possible explanations S’pore context Relevant: Just the consumer electronics industry here can attest to this; spending on upgrading of Apple smartphones from 3Gs to 4 to 4S; disposing of existing LCD for widescreen and 3D monitors, graphics cards in favour of new ones even though all are fully functional; rising number of secondhand computer parts shops is evidence of increasing technology shopping, which ultimately leaves one unhappy and insecure in the face of inability to keep up with the latest. While the tech spending may supposedly be mostly for males, the females display this ‘overestimation of long-term pleasure’ in copious fashion couture purchases and cosmetics. The increase in level of credit card debt is also an indication of less happiness as a result of overspending. Not to relevant: A basic level of income is necessary in Singapore to live a comfortable life. With a median household income of S$6000, anyone earning less would be hard pressed to live comfortably. In wired Singapore, having electronic goods is a necessity and can help attain more happiness in terms of education and interacting with peers. 2 The central problem is that the human brain becomes Relevant: Just looking at government financial decisions which affect the majority of the population after a while, 11 For Internal Circulation Only conditioned to positive experiences. Getting a chunk of unexpected money registers as a good thing, but as time passes, the response wears off. An expected paycheck does not bring any buzz at all  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ and does not contribute to overall happiness. (lines 15-19) Not so relevant: Since the Singapore population composition keeps changing with addition of foreigners, for the majority of the new citizens, this buzz is sustained. As Singaporeans also travel more, they might be more aware of societies which are not as fortunate as Singapore. Relevant: raising a family is universally seen as rewarding; the Government keeps promoting childbearing YET almost the first twenty years of a local child causes much stress for parents – working mothers post-maternity leave and the perennial maid/mother/mother-in-law management; young couples griping about childcare and choice primary schools; until the child is in a choice pri school and moving on to a premier sec sch, the parents put themselves under great duress. There is growing feeling that work-life balance is impossible and people are focusing more on their careers. Not so relevant: Hard to convince for majority local context but there is evidence that a positive change in attitudes to raising children is present, thanks to religious organizations, pro-family policies, national movements e.g. DadsForLife!. There are people who are giving up their careers for the sake of their children. There is also a push for women to return to the workforce after raising their children initially. 4 †¦ happy people tend to have higher incomes later on in their lives. So, while money may not help make people happy, being happy may help them make money. (lines 33-35) Relevant: There are professional who have given up their careers to take up their passions such as opening restaurants and bakeries, and they are doing well. There is an increasing number of entrepreneurs who pursue their passions. The main issue here is that happiness is independent of money and they do not have any links. Not so relevant In 2012, S’pore ranks high in benchmarks of physical comforts – healthiest country in the world, richest country in the world BUT ranks 90th in Happiness Index. Almost the entire local labour force can be on record for having technically higher incomes through their lives but the cost of living never lets up. Singaporeans are not happy or not happy enough but they keep making money anyway. the public becomes numb to the government’s welltimed monetary handouts and utility bill/town council fee reductions; the public expects more consultative engagement for sustained happiness. Recent feedback from the public seems to suggest that people overlook what is good in Singapore and focus on only the negative in terms of healthcare,  transportation, housing, and standards of living. Possible reasons could be a lack of sufficient information about life in other societies and countries. 3 Some of lifes most satisfying experiences do not bring happiness. For instance, having children actually makes people less happy over the short term (lines 26-28) 12

Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers

Edgar Allan Poe Overview On January 19, 1809, in Boston Massachusetts one of the world’s most distinguished writers was born. This writer’s name was Edgar Allan Poe, he was born the son of an actress and an actor . At the age of three, Poe’s mother gave him up to a prosperous merchant by the name of John Allan who took care of him until he began running into gambling problems at the school which he attended in Virginia. He only attended for one year due to these troubles. Poe than began to continue his studies in England and began to write. After Poe had finished his studies in England he came back to the States to enlist in the army. There he wrote and published his first book called Tamerlane and Other Poems at his own expense. After Poe’s leaving the army, with the help of John Allan and his fellow cadets he wrote his second book. In 1837, Poe went to New York in search of work and this is where he not only marries his cousin Virginia, but is also the p lace in time when his writing courier really launches. In 1847 Poes’ life becomes a disaster due to the death of his beloved wife, Virginia. Poe become absent minded and began drinking heavily. Edgar Allen Poe’s life experiences, particularly his repeated substance abuse and the loss of the women he loved, are evident in the stories that he wrote. Edgar Allan Poe Pg.1 On January 29, 1845, Poe’s most mystifying poem appeared, The Raven. This was a story that Poe wrote that helped us understand his feelings that were felt due to the loss of his wife(Double Day & Company). The words used to describe the raven in the story make the raven up to be death coming for him. The words such as "so faintly you cam tapping, tapping at my chamber door" show how the raven resembled death which took his wife away and will soon take him. Poe also described his heart ache by describing the ravens eyes as burning through his chest. Alcohol and drugs played a key role in the deep dark setting of this story. Also Poe had a fixation with the name Lanoro but nobody ever found out who she was, but men believe that it was Poe’s secret lover after the death of his wife. Edgar Allen Poe :: essays research papers Edgar Allan Poe Overview On January 19, 1809, in Boston Massachusetts one of the world’s most distinguished writers was born. This writer’s name was Edgar Allan Poe, he was born the son of an actress and an actor . At the age of three, Poe’s mother gave him up to a prosperous merchant by the name of John Allan who took care of him until he began running into gambling problems at the school which he attended in Virginia. He only attended for one year due to these troubles. Poe than began to continue his studies in England and began to write. After Poe had finished his studies in England he came back to the States to enlist in the army. There he wrote and published his first book called Tamerlane and Other Poems at his own expense. After Poe’s leaving the army, with the help of John Allan and his fellow cadets he wrote his second book. In 1837, Poe went to New York in search of work and this is where he not only marries his cousin Virginia, but is also the p lace in time when his writing courier really launches. In 1847 Poes’ life becomes a disaster due to the death of his beloved wife, Virginia. Poe become absent minded and began drinking heavily. Edgar Allen Poe’s life experiences, particularly his repeated substance abuse and the loss of the women he loved, are evident in the stories that he wrote. Edgar Allan Poe Pg.1 On January 29, 1845, Poe’s most mystifying poem appeared, The Raven. This was a story that Poe wrote that helped us understand his feelings that were felt due to the loss of his wife(Double Day & Company). The words used to describe the raven in the story make the raven up to be death coming for him. The words such as "so faintly you cam tapping, tapping at my chamber door" show how the raven resembled death which took his wife away and will soon take him. Poe also described his heart ache by describing the ravens eyes as burning through his chest. Alcohol and drugs played a key role in the deep dark setting of this story. Also Poe had a fixation with the name Lanoro but nobody ever found out who she was, but men believe that it was Poe’s secret lover after the death of his wife.

Berlin Conference Essay

The Berlin Conference is a conference that was held in Berlin in an effort to reach and agreement among European nations regarding the distribution of goods and free trade in Central African Territories. The Berlin Conference had the greatest political imperial impact during the 19th centuries because the conference was where all of the European countries decide which pieces of Africa each European nation would get and this resulted in many new changes for Africa both positive and negative. The Berlin Conference had a political impact on the division of Africa by the European nations. â€Å"One of the main goals of the Berlin Conference was to secure free trade in the Congo Region.†(Finkelman, 1998). During the conference no African representatives were invited. Africans were considered to be uncivilized, so they were not included. â€Å"Thinking that Belgium would be easier to influence than the more powerful Great Britain, France, or Portugal, Bismarck backed up IAC’s (International Association of the Congo)†. (Stock, 2013) other countries eventually came to an understanding and the IAC got control of many miles of land of the Congo River Basin. The General Act, which was signed at the Berlin Conference, which secured access to the Niger and Congo rivers for all nations. â€Å"The basis of the General Act had the intentions to abolish the slave trade and insure Africa’s native population kept their morals† (Leopold II, 1890) and comf ort along with health, which was an extremely positive intention. Other consequences from the Berlin Conference were the economic impact over the division of Africa. Even though the â€Å"Berlin Act was greatly concerned with free trade, mainly in liquor between the European Nations, it is generally recognized as the first time the European nations formally recognized any sort of duty to Africans.† (Finkelman, 1998). Even though Atlantic slave trade was essentially extinguished, slaves continued to be traded in Africa and exported to Arabia. The Berlin Act explained that they  would have abolished slave trade to improve the conditions of their health and well-being. The Berlin Act also provided that â€Å"Trading in slaves is forbidden in conformity with the principles of the international law as recognized by the Signatory Powers.† (Stock, 2013) Nevertheless, this did not accommodate any provisions for enforcement. Therefore the Berlin Act has an insufficient impact or absolutely no impact on the slave trade in Africa. Although, ev en with their choice of what to trade, the trading industry boomed which is a positive impact on Europeans only. Other than the slave trade many goods were distributed abroad such as cloth, iron, copper, shells, jewelry, ivory, spices, and many more which had a positive impact on the economy due to many new things being discovered and traded. The economic and political impact unintentionally influenced the social impact of Africa due to the European and Africans coming together. Most Africans did not benefit from interacting with the Europeans. â€Å"Europeans were discriminative against the Africans because of their dark skin color† (Finkelman, 1998), leading to the Africans becoming the slaves of the Europeans in the Americas. â€Å"The Europeans benefitted from the use of Africans† (Stock, 2013), being their slaves because they are receiving labor without having to pay for it. With the coming together of nations there was great tension and racism between the two because of the skin color and many more reasons. In conclusion the Berlin Conference has the greatest political impact during the 19th centuries on the division of Africa by the European Nations. The division of Africa led to slave trade and loss of culture. The Europeans took over Africa and made it their own by having free labor by transporting Africans around the world to work. The Berlin Conference had good intentions by abolishing slave trade but it unintentionally led to many bad things effecting Africans but benefiting the Europeans.